Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Feb 15;9:629238. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238.
eCollection 2021.
Polarization of Macrophages in Insects: Opening Gates for Immuno-Metabolic
Research.
Bajgar A(1), Krejčová G(1), Doležal T(1).
Author information:
(1)Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia,
Ceske Budejovice, Czechia.
From the abstract:
Insulin resistance and cachexia represent severe metabolic syndromes accompanying a variety of human pathological states, from life-threatening cancer and sepsis to chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. ... Current progress in insect immuno-metabolic research reveals that the induction of insulin resistance might represent an adaptive mechanism during the acute phase of bacterial infection. In Drosophila, insulin resistance is induced by signaling factors released by bactericidal macrophages as a reflection of their metabolic polarization toward aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic adaptation enables them to combat the invading pathogens efficiently but also makes them highly nutritionally demanding. Therefore, systemic metabolism has to be adjusted upon macrophage activation ... We hypothesize that insulin resistance evoked by macrophage-derived signaling factors represents an adaptive mechanism for the mobilization of sources and their preferential delivery toward the activated immune system. We consider here the validity of the presented model for mammals and human medicine. ... Chronic insulin resistance is at the base of many human metabolically conditioned diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cachexia. Therefore, revealing the original biological relevance of cytokine-induced insulin resistance may help to develop a suitable strategy for treating these frequent diseases.
Copyright © 2021 Bajgar, Krejčová and Doležal.
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238
PMCID: PMC7917182
PMID: 33659253
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