Stobdan T, Sahoo D, Azad P, Hartley I, Heinrichsen E, Zhou D, Haddad GG. High fat diet induces sex-specific differential gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One. 2019 Mar 2;14(3):e0213474. PMID: 30861021; PMCID: PMC6413938.
From the abstract: "Currently about 2 billion adults globally are estimated to be overweight and ~13% of them are obese. High fat diet (HFD) is one of the major contributing factor to obesity ... studies involving Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism can provide insight into the molecular mechanisms involving human disease. ... we investigated the effect of HFD on the transcriptome in the heads and bodies of male and female flies kept on either HFD or regular diet (RD). ... we found that HFD induces a number of responses that are sexually dimorphic in nature. There was a robust transcriptional response consisting of a downregulation of stress-related genes in the heads and glycoside hydrolase activity genes in the bodies of males. In the females, the HFD led to an increased transcriptional change in lipid metabolism. A strong correlation also existed between the takeout gene and hyperphagic behavior in both males and females. ... our data on the transcriptional responses in flies to HFD provides potentially relevant information to human conditions including obesity."
Rivera O, McHan L, Konadu B, Patel S, Sint Jago S, Talbert ME. A high-fat diet impacts memory and gene expression of the head in mated female Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Physiol B. 2019 Apr;189(2):179-198. PMID: 30810797.
From the abstract: "Obesity predisposes humans to a range of life-threatening comorbidities ... Obesity also aggravates neural pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, but this class of comorbidity is less understood. When Drosophila melanogaster (flies) are exposed to high-fat diet (HFD) by supplementing a standard medium with coconut oil, they adopt an obese phenotype of decreased lifespan, increased triglyceride storage, and hindered climbing ability. ... Our objective was to establish the obesity phenotype in Drosophila and identify a potential correlation, if any, between obesity and neurological decline ... We found that mated female w1118 flies exposed to HFD maintained an obese phenotype throughout adult life starting at 7 days, evidenced by increased triglyceride stores, diminished life span, and impeded climbing ability. While climbing ability worsened cumulatively between 7 and 14 days of exposure to HFD, there was no corresponding alteration in triglyceride content. Microarray analysis of the mated female w1118 fly head revealed HFD-induced changes in expression of genes with functions in memory, metabolism, olfaction, mitosis, cell signaling, and motor function. Meanwhile, an Aversive Phototaxis Suppression assay in mated female flies indicated reduced ability to recall an entrained memory 6 h after training. Overall, our results support the suitability of mated female flies for examining connections between diet-induced obesity and nervous or neurobehavioral pathology, and provide many directions for further investigation."
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